Momentum or kinetic energy - How do substrate properties influence the calculation of rainfall erosivity?
Identifieur interne : 000438 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000437; suivant : 000439Momentum or kinetic energy - How do substrate properties influence the calculation of rainfall erosivity?
Auteurs : Philipp Goebes [Allemagne] ; Steffen Seitz [Allemagne] ; Christian Geissler [Allemagne] ; Tamás Lassu [Pays-Bas, Hongrie] ; Piet Peters [Pays-Bas] ; Manuel Seeger [Allemagne] ; Karin Nadrowski [Allemagne] ; Thomas Scholten [Allemagne]Source :
- Journal of hydrology : (Amsterdam) [ 0022-1694 ] ; 2014.
Descripteurs français
- Pascal (Inist)
English descriptors
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Abstract
Rainfall erosivity is a key component in soil erosion by water. While kinetic energy and momentum are used to describe the erosivity of rainfall, and both are derived from mass and velocity of raindrops, it is not clear how different substrates transform this energy. In our study we conducted rainfall simulation experiments to determine splash detachment amounts of five substrates (coarse sand, medium sand, fine sand, PE balls, silt) for seven different rainfall intensities (52-116 mm h-1). We used linear mixed-effect modeling (LME) to calculate erosivity predictors for each substrate. Additionally, we separated drop-size-velocity relationship into lower left and upper right quarter to investigate the effect of small and slow just as big and fast raindrops on splash detachment amounts. We suggest using momentum divided by drop diameter as a substrate-independent erosivity predictor. To consider different substrates specific erosivity parameters are needed. Heavier substrates like sand are best described by kinetic energy multiplied by diameter whereas lighter substrates like silt point to momentum divided by diameter to the power of 1.5. Furthermore, our results show that substrates are differently affected by the size and velocity of drops. While splash detachment of light substances can be reliably predicted by drop size and velocity for small and slow drops, drop size and velocity loses its predictive power in heavier substrates like sand.
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Hongrie, Pays-Bas
- Bade-Wurtemberg, District de Leipzig, District de Stuttgart, Rhénanie-Palatinat, Saxe (Land)
- Leipzig, Stuttgart, Trèves (Allemagne)
- Université de Trèves
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19-23</s1><s2>72070 Tübingen</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Stuttgart</region><settlement type="city">Stuttgart</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">INIST</idno><idno type="inist">14-0238922</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 14-0238922 INIST</idno><idno type="RBID">Pascal:14-0238922</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Corpus">000039</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Curation">000C25</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Checkpoint">000033</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PascalFrancis" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000033</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0022-1694:2014:Goebes P:momentum:or:kinetic</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">000439</idno><idno 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uniqKey="Seitz S" first="Steffen" last="Seitz">Steffen Seitz</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>University of Tübingen, Department of Geosciences, Physical Geography and Soil Science, Rümelinstrasse 19-23</s1><s2>72070 Tübingen</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Stuttgart</region><settlement type="city">Stuttgart</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Geissler, Christian" sort="Geissler, Christian" uniqKey="Geissler C" first="Christian" last="Geissler">Christian Geissler</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>University of Tübingen, Department of Geosciences, Physical Geography and Soil Science, Rümelinstrasse 19-23</s1><s2>72070 Tübingen</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Stuttgart</region><settlement type="city">Stuttgart</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lassu, Tamas" sort="Lassu, Tamas" uniqKey="Lassu T" first="Tamás" last="Lassu">Tamás Lassu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Wageningen UR, Environmental Sciences, Soil Physics and Land Management, PO Box 47</s1><s2>6700AA Wageningen</s2><s3>NLD</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Pays-Bas</country><wicri:noRegion>6700AA Wageningen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>University of Pécs, Department of Physical Geography, Ifjúság útja 6</s1><s2>7624 Pécs</s2><s3>HUN</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Hongrie</country><wicri:noRegion>7624 Pécs</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peters, Piet" sort="Peters, Piet" uniqKey="Peters P" first="Piet" last="Peters">Piet Peters</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Wageningen UR, Environmental Sciences, Soil Physics and Land Management, PO Box 47</s1><s2>6700AA Wageningen</s2><s3>NLD</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Pays-Bas</country><wicri:noRegion>6700AA Wageningen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seeger, Manuel" sort="Seeger, Manuel" uniqKey="Seeger M" first="Manuel" last="Seeger">Manuel Seeger</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>University of Trier, Department of Spatial and Environmental Sciences, Physical Geography</s1><s2>54286 Tier</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><wicri:noRegion>54286 Tier</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Physical Geography</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>54286 Tier</wicri:noRegion><orgName type="university">Université de Trèves</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Trèves (Allemagne)</settlement><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-Palatinat</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nadrowski, Karin" sort="Nadrowski, Karin" uniqKey="Nadrowski K" first="Karin" last="Nadrowski">Karin Nadrowski</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>University of Leipzig, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Johannisallee 21</s1><s2>04103 Leipzig</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scholten, Thomas" sort="Scholten, Thomas" uniqKey="Scholten T" first="Thomas" last="Scholten">Thomas Scholten</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>University of Tübingen, Department of Geosciences, Physical Geography and Soil Science, Rümelinstrasse 19-23</s1><s2>72070 Tübingen</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Stuttgart</region><settlement type="city">Stuttgart</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">Journal of hydrology : (Amsterdam)</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">J. hydrol. : (Amst.)</title><idno type="ISSN">0022-1694</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Journal of hydrology : (Amsterdam)</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">J. hydrol. : (Amst.)</title><idno type="ISSN">0022-1694</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>digital simulation</term><term>experimental studies</term><term>fine-grained materials</term><term>kinetic energy</term><term>rain water</term><term>raindrops</term><term>rainfall</term><term>sand</term><term>silt</term><term>soil erosion</term><term>velocity</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Energie cinétique</term><term>Eau pluie</term><term>Pluie</term><term>Erosion sol</term><term>Vitesse</term><term>Goutte pluie</term><term>Etude expérimentale</term><term>Sable</term><term>Fraction fine</term><term>Silt</term><term>Simulation numérique</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Rainfall erosivity is a key component in soil erosion by water. While kinetic energy and momentum are used to describe the erosivity of rainfall, and both are derived from mass and velocity of raindrops, it is not clear how different substrates transform this energy. In our study we conducted rainfall simulation experiments to determine splash detachment amounts of five substrates (coarse sand, medium sand, fine sand, PE balls, silt) for seven different rainfall intensities (52-116 mm h<sup>-1</sup>). We used linear mixed-effect modeling (LME) to calculate erosivity predictors for each substrate. Additionally, we separated drop-size-velocity relationship into lower left and upper right quarter to investigate the effect of small and slow just as big and fast raindrops on splash detachment amounts. We suggest using momentum divided by drop diameter as a substrate-independent erosivity predictor. To consider different substrates specific erosivity parameters are needed. Heavier substrates like sand are best described by kinetic energy multiplied by diameter whereas lighter substrates like silt point to momentum divided by diameter to the power of 1.5. Furthermore, our results show that substrates are differently affected by the size and velocity of drops. While splash detachment of light substances can be reliably predicted by drop size and velocity for small and slow drops, drop size and velocity loses its predictive power in heavier substrates like sand.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Hongrie</li><li>Pays-Bas</li></country><region><li>Bade-Wurtemberg</li><li>District de Leipzig</li><li>District de Stuttgart</li><li>Rhénanie-Palatinat</li><li>Saxe (Land)</li></region><settlement><li>Leipzig</li><li>Stuttgart</li><li>Trèves (Allemagne)</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Trèves</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Allemagne"><region name="Bade-Wurtemberg"><name sortKey="Goebes, Philipp" sort="Goebes, Philipp" uniqKey="Goebes P" first="Philipp" last="Goebes">Philipp Goebes</name></region><name sortKey="Geissler, Christian" sort="Geissler, Christian" uniqKey="Geissler C" first="Christian" last="Geissler">Christian Geissler</name><name sortKey="Nadrowski, Karin" sort="Nadrowski, Karin" uniqKey="Nadrowski K" first="Karin" last="Nadrowski">Karin Nadrowski</name><name sortKey="Scholten, Thomas" sort="Scholten, Thomas" uniqKey="Scholten T" first="Thomas" last="Scholten">Thomas Scholten</name><name sortKey="Seeger, Manuel" sort="Seeger, Manuel" uniqKey="Seeger M" first="Manuel" last="Seeger">Manuel Seeger</name><name sortKey="Seitz, Steffen" sort="Seitz, Steffen" uniqKey="Seitz S" first="Steffen" last="Seitz">Steffen Seitz</name></country><country name="Pays-Bas"><noRegion><name sortKey="Lassu, Tamas" sort="Lassu, Tamas" uniqKey="Lassu T" first="Tamás" last="Lassu">Tamás Lassu</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Peters, Piet" sort="Peters, Piet" uniqKey="Peters P" first="Piet" last="Peters">Piet Peters</name></country><country name="Hongrie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Lassu, Tamas" sort="Lassu, Tamas" uniqKey="Lassu T" first="Tamás" last="Lassu">Tamás Lassu</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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